quarta-feira, 5 de fevereiro de 2014

Privacy & Cyberbullying

The article "A hoax, a suicide - a journalism dilemma" by Malone about privacy and cyberbullying brings up an important red flag to the society: when could a journalist cross the privacy line to publish a story, even when this story could help people in the future?

The Chapter 14 "Violence and Sex" of the book "Controversies in Media Ethics" by Gordon, Kittross, Merrill, Babcock, Dorsher, discuss about violence and sex on TV, and about the influence of these topics on the audience. I do not believe that all the violence in the world happens because people watched first on TV, but I do believe that the TV series and movies give the audience different lessons of how to be violent or mean to others, and make people forget about the importance of the consequences of these actions, and how little actions can cause big consequences.

Connecting Malone's article to the reading of Chapter 14, I believe that people get so used to see so much violence on TV and end up losing the sense of right or wrong. The article shows a clear example of how simple actions can affect someone's life. Because of cyberbullying someone committed suicide, and I’m sure this was not the first time this happened, but maybe it was the first time a story was published about it. 

Source: http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-cyber-bullying#

Now going back to Pokin's case, he had a sad story on his hand, but at the same time the same story could save others people's lives that could be suffering of cyberbullying the same way Megan Meier did. By this decision I believe he was wise to publish the story to help people around the world to deal with Cyberbullying, he applied Mill's Utility principle, concerned about the outcome. He published a story that brings the best outcome when you read that people in different countries use this story as case study to avoid cyberbullying. 

Pokin in his story decided to maintain the neighbor's privacy, once again I agree with his decision. The point of his story was not to reveal the identity of the responsible for the cyberbullying, his decision was based on a story that could help others, the importance of discuss about the risks of cyberbullying. His decision could be justified by Bok's Ethical decision-making principle, thinking about how people would react, what would be the response if people knew the neighbor's identity, and other important points to make a decision. 

On the other hand "The Post" identified the neighbor causing a prosecution of this family related to the case. This shows "The Post" were only concerned about the action, reminding me of Kant's Categorical Imperative theory, showing no concern about the author. 

I would always go with the theory that offers less harm, so I believe Bok's Ethical decision-making principle is the wisest to apply in such a case like this, because seems to be fairer, causing less pain. Another perspective that I could apply to this case would be the Gilligan's ethics of care principle, because also seeks to minimize pain but in a more personal way then Mill's principle.


Source: http://info.uknowkids.com/blog/bid/159164/Global-Perspective-on-Cyberbullying




sábado, 1 de fevereiro de 2014

Data Storage: problem or solution?


Data mining became a very popular topic in ethical conferences, and as any other polemic, does not have right or wrong answers, it will always depends on the angle you are analyzing the case.
Based on the ethical analysis of the articles "How Target Figured Out a Teen Girl was Pregnant Before her Father did" by Kashmir Hill at Forbes, and "Inside the mind of the Anonymous Online Poster" by Neil Swidey at Boston.com, we notice that everyday the number of ethical controversies involving data mining increases.  People have different opinion about the data collected by technologies companies during our "surfing" time at the Internet. Some feel vulnerable because of its data being exposed without boundaries, and others believe that technology is just helping out personalizing our profiles.

Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/02/22/dont-want-to-be-targeted-by-target-theres-an-opt-out/
The article How Target Figured Out a Teen Girl was Pregnant Before her Father did" talks more about the targeted marketing exposing Target's customers sending them coupons related to their last searches or buys online. As always I would consider the Aristotle's Theory defending the middle ground, in this case depends on the client, some feel uncomfortable being tracked by a store, but others think this marketing strategy helps them in the future search saving some time. This topic will always be very polemic from the ethical perspective.

In this case, Target manager's ethical obligation to the angry customer was to respect his client, which I believe he did a great job apologizing to the customer and being concerned about the company's reputation. The manager should always be respectful to the company's customer, avoiding ruining the company's reputation, reminding me of Kant's Imperative Theory were the respect should be in first place with no restrictions.

Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/02/22/dont-want-to-be-targeted-by-target-theres-an-opt-out/

Analyzing the Target's ad mixing of coupon books, I believe they are not trying to "creep people out" but to improve their sales, when people prefer to apply for benefits like coupons, discounts, store's credit cards; they are aware that for this benefits they have to offer more personal information and they take the risk to make use of benefits anyway, so if they are willing to provide more information does not make the sales strategy of Target unethical. Business market has always been an exchange, you provide what the company wants and we provide your desire. It has been like this for years, now it's just more risky because of the technologies but the strategy is still the same: the exchange. I dare to say that most companies apply Mill's Utility Principle concerned about the best outcome. For example sending an ad mixing coupon book could cause some controversy and some issues like the father angry going to the store, but by the end their outcome is always increasing.

According to the book "Ethics in Media" by Plaisance, Chapter 2, the code of Ethics adopted by the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) defends that the professional of public relations should serve the public good always paying attention at the ethical controversies. This professional has to be loyal to the company but also be loyal to the public, this professional also has to honest, fair, independent, have expertise and always advocate serving the public interest responsibly. In the same chapter of this book also provides A code of ethics for advertisers from the American Association of Advertising Agencies Standards of Practice that reinforce the importance of the truthfulness in this professional.  Considering both codes of ethics, Target's practices fit within the code of ethics fro advertisers and PR practitioners. As mentioned before, companies tend to apply Mill's Utility Principle seeking the best outcome, and I would say the Aristotle's Golden Mean perspective also fits this case where the middle ground is defended seeking the human good, where everybody wins, the customers are satisfied with discounts, coupons and the companies are satisfied with good sales.